Fuel injection device



Aug. 5, 1952 s. LEMANSKI FUEL INJECTION DEVICE Filed Oct. 15, 1949 2 SHEETS-SHEET l I I [l I I INVENTOR 3 0mm HANS (I.

Arnie/vs 5, 1952 s. LEMANSKI 2,605,706

FUEL INJECTION DEVICE Filed'oct. 15', 1949 v Z'SHEETS-QSHEET 2 INVENTOR. snmRmu LEMIIIVSKI 6M A'rToRNE P tented Aug. 5, 1 95.2

UNITED STATES PATENT O-FFEICE V 2;605,70e Y -FUELLINJECTION DEVICE Savarian Lemanski, Detroit, Mich.

. -Appiicationoctober 15, 1949,-Serial' No.121,i79

acuums. (o1. 103-2) This invention relates to a .deviceljorinjeoting fuel into the .fuel compression space .above the piston of an internal combustion engine. and the object of the invention is toprovide aninjector .in which-a fuel and air mixture is discharged into the compression space provided in the head of the cylinderat the time ignition of the fuel takes place.

These and other features of theinvention are hereinafter more fully described and claimed and a fuel injection device embodying my invention is shown in the accompanying drawing in Which- Fig. 1 is av sectional viewshowing my improved fuel injection device in conjunction with a cylinder, fragmentarily shown.

Fig. 2 is a section taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentarysec'tion taken on line 5-3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a section taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 1.

Fig.5 is a section taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 1.

Figs. 6 and '7 are diagrammatic viewsillustrative of the means by which the volume of the injected fuel may be varied.

Fig. 8 is a section taken on line 83 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 9 is a section taken on line .9-9 of Fig. 8

aperture 4. in the wallof the fuel injector housing l9.

The engine piston 5 is reciprccable in the engine cylinder I. The plunger 5a of the fuel injector, reciprocal in the chamber fia-of injector housing [9, has a longitudinal central recess ii of circular cross section in the upper end thereof. Cylindrical disc 20 is immovably seated within injector housing [9 at its upper endfand has a centrallydepending stem 22 which has a pair'of plane surfaces I and 8 on its opposite j. sides throughout its lower half as shown in Fig. 3 and in Fig. 1, and a second pair of plane surfaces 1 and 8 throughout its upper one-half arrangedat a 90 degree angle with respect to said first plane surfaces, asshown in Figs. 4 and 8. a

Adjacent the upper end of the plunger 5a is a ring 9 having a triangularly shaped aperture H! in onesidethereof which, inthe position ofthe parts shown in Figs. 1 .andz, opensto the-said aperture 4 in housing l9:

The plunger 5:; has a peripheral groove .in

awhich a ring I2 is positioned asshown inFigs. .1

and zyan'd-further-has a series of peripheral 2 grooves- It to which lubricating oilis-supplie'd by means of a conduit M. Fi .1.

The 'fuel and air mixture inlet pipe is indicated at min-Figs; 2 'and' lfor delivering an air'ancl fuel mixture under pressureto chamber Be at the upper end of housing19as shown in Fig.2. This mixture, uponupwardmoveme'nt of plunger 5a, is .forced downwardly. into elongated recess 6 between" its wall and the outersurface of the disc stem 322 and thence through the radial passage '2 [in plungerx5a for eonnection'with the triangular outlet aperture It in sleeve 9.

Thus reciprocation of plunger 5a intermittently forces the "fuel mixture through outlet aperture Ii! and passage 4 into passage 3 of the cylinder combustion chamber as indicated in Fig. .1.

It is ahparentfromfig. 2 that fuel accumulatedintth'e lowerendof recess fi will be similarly forced upwardly andout through the'radial pas- I sage 21 when saidplunger is moved upwardly. Thus it might be said that the portion of chamber 6a above plunger 5a;in Fig;'2, and theportion of the slotB below'stem 22 are pumping chambers within which a fuelfmixturemay accumulate. Upon upward movement of the plungeriia the volume of both said pumping chambers is progressively decreased to zero with the result that the said fuel mixtures from said chambers will be injected or forced outwardly through the radial slot '2! r and the aperture In and through said spring engages under a shoulder in the housing I9, and the opposite end of said spring is positioned in a recess 15d provided therefor in the cap [6 which is threaded upon the lower end of plunger 5a as'shown in Fig. 1.

A fuel discharge conduit is also indicated at la in Figs. '2 and 4 for delivering a fuel mixture to the interior of engine starting chamber lb on the cylinder head i, which has a spark plug S, fragmentarily .shown in dotted lines, projected thereinto and which is connected in an ignition [circuit in a conventional manner.

The. valve 111 is normally seated in an aperture provide'd'thereforin the bottom of ichamber lb. The valve 'ld is-manuallyclosed after the engine is started. Thereafter the heat developed by the compression of the fuel mixture ignites the same.

In starting the engine it is necessary that the plunger id be rotated sumciently so that its radial passage 2| will be in communication with the secondary outlet passage Ic which conducts a fuel mixture to the starting chamber lb. For this purpose the aperture in in the ring 9 is rotated into alignment with the passage or conduit lo and fuel will discharge'into the starting chamber lb and will be ignited therein. The valve Id will be opened so that the combustible mixture may expand within the upper end of the cylinder head. I when ignited to thus start the engine.

The cap I6 secured to the lower end of plunger Ed has gear teeth I! in its periphery and a toothed rack 18 engages said gear teeth and is connected with means, not here shown, for longi- V tudinal adjustment.

In starting the engine, initial longitudinal adjustment of rack l8 rotates plunger 51: sumciently that the fuel mixture from chamber 8a flows through outlet [0 and through the passage and conduit to into the starting chamber lb. Thereafter the rack is returned to its initial position, repositioning the plunger 5a rotatively so that thereafter the flow of the fuel mixture through radial passage 2i and aperture ID will be directed through the passage 4 in housing 18 and through a corresponding passage 3 to .the

interior of the combustion chamber shown in Fig. 1. The rack gear l8 may be adjusted regulating the position of plunger 5a and the effective area of the aperture It! to thereby throttle or control the flow of said mixture through the triangular aperture II! or a part thereof into the passage 4 of housing I9, as will be understood from the diagrammatic views Figs. 6 and '7. Fig. 6 indicates that with only a, portion of the triangular aperture Ill in'registry withjpassage l there will be a limited flow of combustible mixture whereas in Fig. 7 the greater portion .of aperture I0 is in registry withthe passagefl with the result thatthere is an increased amount of combustible mixture delivered to the combustion chamber.-

A conduit [4a is shown in Figs. 1 and 4 which is provided for supplying water or water vapor to the chamber Ba-if desired for addition to the combustible mixture delivered thereto through the pipe 3:.

Having described my invention, reference should now be had to the claims which follow for determining the scope thereof.

I claim:

l. A fuel injection device comprising an elongated chambered housing having longitudinally spaced fuel mixture inlet and outlet passages, a reciprocal plunger within said housing intermittently spaced from one end of said housing defining a pumping chamber to which said inlet passage is connected,'said plunger having an axial slot open at one end to said pumping chamber, said plunger havinga radial. fuel delivery passage connected at one end. with saidslot with its other end connected .to said outletipassage, and a stationary stem depending from said housing and positioneddown. into said slot, its outer walls being so formed as to define longitudinal passageways along said stem interconnecting said pumping chamber .fand'the closed end of said slot. If

2. A fuel injection deVicecQmprising anelongated chambered. housing having longitudinally spaced fuel mixture inlet and outlet passages, a reciprocal plunger within said housing intermittently spaced from one end of said housing defining a pumping chamber to which said inlet passage is connected, said plunger having an axial slot open at one end to said pumping chamber, said plunger having a radial fuel delivery passage connected at one end with said slot with its other end connected to said outlet passage, and a stationary stem depending from said housing and positioned down into said slot. its outer walls being so formed as to define longitudinal passageways along said stem interconnecting said pumping chamber and the closed end of said slot, said end of said stem being intermittently spaced from the closed end of said slot defining a secondary pumping chamber, whereby upon upward movement of said plunger said pumping chambers are progressively reduced in volume forcing the fuel mixture therefrom along said passageways and through said outlet passage.

SJA fuel injection device comprising an elongated chambered housing having longitudinally spaced fuel mixture inlet and outlet passages, a reciprocal plunger within said housing intermittently spaced from one end of said housing defining a pumping chamber to which said inlet passage is connected, said plunger having an axial slot open at one end to said pumping chamber, said plunger having a radial fuel delivery passage connected at one end with said slot with its other end connected to said outlet passage, a stationary stem depending from said housing and positioned down into said slot, its outer walls being so formed as to define longitudinal passageways along said stem interconnecting said pumping chamber and the closed end of said slot, said radial delivery passage having an enlarged outlet aperture of triangular shape at its outer end for delivering said mixture to said outlet passage, and means joined to said plunger for rotatably'adjusting the same to regulate the effective area of said aperture.

4. A fuel injection device comprising an elongated chambered housing having longitudinally spaced fuel mixture inlet and outlet passages, a reciprocal plunger within said housing intermittently spaced from one end of said housing defining a pumping chamber to which said inlet passage is connected, said plunger having an axial slot open at one end to said pumping chamber, said plunger having a radial fuel delivery passage connected at one end with said slot with its outer end connected to said outlet passage, a stationary stem depending from said housing and positioned down into said slot, its outer walls being so formed as to define longitudinal passageways along said stem interconnecting said pumping chamber. and the closed end of said slot, said radial delivery passagev having an enlarged outlet aperture of triangular shape at its outer end forjdelivering said mixture to said outlet passage, gear teeth'on said plunger, and a longitudinally adjustable rack gear in mesh with said gear teeth for rotatably adjusting said plunger to regulatethe effective area of said aperture. v

5. A fuel injection device comprising an elongated chambered housing having longitudinally spaced fuel mixture inlet and outlet passages, a reciprocal plunger within said housing intermittently spaced from one end of, said housing defining a pumping chambe'r towhich said inlet passage is, connected, said plunger having an 5 6 axial slot open at one end to said pumping chamher, said plunger having a radial fuel delivery REFERENCES IT its other end connected to said outlet passage, fil of this patent; a stationary stem depending from said housing 5 and positioned down into said slot, its outer walls UNITED STATES PATENTS being so formed as to define longitudinal pas- Number Name Date sageways along said stem interconnecting said 1,639,848 Hay ..1. Aug. 23, 1927 pumping chamber and the closed end of said 1,662,090 Vorhauser Mar. 13, 1928 slot, said housing having a second outlet passage 10 2,079,660 Olin gMay 11, 1937 angularly disposed with respect to said first out- 2,079,821 Scribner- -"May 11, 1937 let passage, and means joined to said plunger 2,091,987 Honn Sept. 7, 1937 for rotatably adjusting the same for selectively 2,126,985 Buckwalter Aug. 16, 1938 connecting said radial passage with said second 2,158,124 Honn May 16, 1939 outlet passage. 15 2,301,464 Schweitzer Nov. 10, 1942 SAVARIAN LEMANSKI. 

